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<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">工業污水的治理方法</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">一種處理工業污水的方法，屬于污水處理技術領域。其是將污水引往集水池，對集水池末尾一格調節pH，用一級溶氣水泵提升到一級壓力溶氣罐，同時吸入空氣和聚凝脫色劑，將在一級壓力溶氣罐內的一級飽和溶氣水驟然釋放到一級氣浮池形成一級處理水；一級處理水溢入緩沖池，再在控制pH用二級溶氣水泵將一級處理水提升至二級壓力溶氣罐內，同時吸入空氣和聚凝脫色劑，將二級壓力溶氣罐內的二級飽和溶氣水驟然釋放到二級氣浮池形成二級處理水并自溢至沉淀池沉淀后排放；一、二級氣浮池中的浮泥入浮泥池，壓濾成濾餅，濾液回引至集水池。該方法處理的工業污水的CODcr、脫色率、SS、BOD5的去除率分別為80～90%、95%、90%以上、75－80%，符合GB8978－1996一級水排放標準。沼氣發電是集環保和節能于一體的能源綜合利用新技術。它利用工業污水經厭氧發酵處理產生的沼氣，驅動沼氣發電機組發電，并可充分利用發電機組的余熱用于沼氣生產，使綜合熱效率達 80 %左右，大大高于一般 30~40% 的發電效率，用戶的經濟效益顯著是處理工業污水的好方法。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">微電解法用于工業水的處理</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">1、技術概述：</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">微電解技術是處理高濃度有機廢水的一種理想工藝，又稱內電解法。它是在不通電的情況下，利用填充在廢水中的微電解材料自身產生1.2V電位差對廢水進行電解處理，以達到降解有機污染物的目的。當系統通水后，設備內會形成無數的微電池系統，在其作用空間構成一個電場。在處理過程中產生的新生態[H] 、Fe2 + 等能與廢水中的許多組分發生氧化還原反應，比如能破壞有色廢水中的有色物質的發色基團或助色基團，甚至斷鏈，達到降解脫色的作用；生成的Fe2 + 進一步氧化成Fe3 +，它們的水合物具有較強的吸附- 絮凝活性，特別是在加堿調pH 值后生成氫氧化亞鐵和氫氧化鐵膠體絮凝劑，它們的吸附能力遠遠高于一般藥劑水解得到的氫氧化鐵膠體，能大量吸附水中分散的微小顆粒，金屬粒子及有機大分子。其工作原理基于電化學、氧化- 還原、物理吸附以及絮凝沉淀的共同作用對廢水進行處理。該法具有適用范圍廣、處理效果好、成本低廉、操作維護方便，不需消耗電力資源等優點。該工藝用于難降解高濃度廢水的處理可大幅度地降低COD和色度，提高廢水的可生化性，同時可對氨氮的脫除具有很好的效果。傳統上微電解工藝所采用的微電解材料一般為鐵屑和木炭，使用前要加酸堿活化，使用的過程中很容易鈍化板結，又因為鐵與炭是物理接觸，之間很容易形成隔離層使微電解不能繼續進行而失去作用，這導致了頻繁地更換微電解材料，不但工作量大成本高還影響廢水的處理效果和效率。另外，傳統微電解材料表面積太小也使得廢水處理需要很長的時間，增加了噸水投資成本，這都嚴重影響了微電解工藝的利用和推廣。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">2、反應公式：</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">陽極：Fe - 2e →Fe2+ E（Fe / Fe2+）=0.44V</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">陰極：2H﹢ + 2e →H2 E(H﹢/ H2）=0.00V</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">當有氧存在時，陰極反應如下：</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">O2 + 4H﹢ + 4e → 2H2O E (O2）=1.23V</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">O2 + 2H2O + 4e → 4OH﹣E（O2/OH﹣）=0.41V</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">3、技術特點：</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑴ 反應速率快，一般工業廢水只需要半小時至數小時；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑵ 作用有機污染物質范圍廣，如：含有偶氟、碳雙鍵、硝基、鹵代基結構的難除降解有機物質等都有很好的降解效果；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑶ 工藝流程簡單、使用壽命長、投資費用少、操作維護方便、運行成本低、處理效果穩定。處理過程中只消耗少量的微電解反應劑。微電解劑只需定期添加無需更換，添加也無需進行活化直接投入即可；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑷ 廢水經微電解處理后會在水中形成原生態的亞鐵或鐵離子，具有比普通混凝劑更好的混凝作用，無需再加鐵鹽等混凝劑，COD去除率高，并且不會對水造成二次污染；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑸ 具有良好的混凝效果，色度、COD去除率高，同量可在很大程度上提高廢水的可生化性；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑹ 該方法可以達到化學沉淀除磷的效果，還可以通過還原除重金屬；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑺ 對已建成未達標的高濃度有機廢水處理工程，用該技術作為已建工程廢水的預處理，在降解COD的同時提高廢水的可生化性，可確保廢水處理后穩定達標排放。也可對生化后廢水進很行微電解或微電解聯合生物濾床的工藝進行深度處理；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑻ 該技術各單元可作為單獨處理方法使用，又可作為生物處理的前處理工藝，利于污泥的沉降和生物掛膜。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">4、適用廢水種類：</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">本技術特別針對有機物濃度大、高毒性、高色度、難生化廢水的處理，可大幅度地降低廢水的色度和COD，提高B/C比值即提高廢水的可生化性；可廣泛應用于印染、化工、電鍍、制漿造紙、制藥、洗毛、農藥、酒精等各類工業廢水的處理及處理水回用工程。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑴ 染料、印染廢水；焦化廢水；石油化工廢水；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">------上述廢水在脫色的同時，處理水中的BOD/COD值顯著提高。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑵ 石油廢水；皮革廢水；造紙廢水、木材加工廢水；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">------上述廢水處理水后的BOD/COD值大幅度提高。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑶電鍍廢水；印刷廢水；采礦廢水；其他含有重金屬的廢水；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">------可以從上述廢水中去除重金屬。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑷ 有機磷農業廢水；有機氯農業廢水；</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">------大大提高上述廢水的可生化性，且可除磷，除硫化物。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">新型催化活性微電解填料</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">1、產品概述：</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">新型催化活性微電解填料由該公司與科研院校共同研發，由具有高電位差的金屬合金融合催化劑并采用高溫微孔活化技術生產而成，具有鐵炭一體化、熔合催化劑、微孔架構式合金結構、比表面積大、比重輕、活性強、電流密度大、作用水效率高等特點。作用于廢水，可高效去除COD、降低色度、提高可生化性，處理效果穩定，可避免運行過程中的填料鈍化、板結等現象。本填料是微電解反應持續作用的重要保證。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">2、技術特點：</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑴陰陽極及催化劑通過高溫冶煉形成鐵炭一體化，保證“原電池”效應持續作用。不會像鐵炭物理混合組配那樣容易出現陰陽極分離，影響原電池反應。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑵填料通過高溫冶煉形成架構式微孔合金結構，比表面積大，活性強，不鈍化、不板結，陰陽極針對不同廢水進行配比，對廢水處理提供了更大的電流密度和更好的微電解反應效果，反應速率快，一般工業廢水只需要30-60分鐘，長期運行穩定有效。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑶ 技術參數：</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">比重：1.0噸/立方米，比表面積：1.2 平方米/克，空隙率：65% ，物理強度：≧1000KG/CM</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">化學成分：鐵75-85%，碳10-20%，催化劑5%</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">⑷ 規格：1cm*3cm （大小可定制）</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">2.農業污水的治理方法</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">農業污水因為分布面廣而分散，難于收集也難于治理，所以只能利用生物的作用將污染物去除，譬如將高密度的高效去污菌，直接投入污染水體，以達到凈水的目的。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">3.醫療污水的治理方法</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">醫院污水處理，通常包括一級處理和二級處理。一般地說，若處理后出水排入市政下水道，通常只進行一級處理；若處理后出水直接排入河道，則需進行一級處理和二級處理；對排放標準嚴的地區，為防止水體的富營養化，需進行除磷脫氮三級處理。對酸性廢水、洗相廢水、放射性污水等特殊的醫院污水，應進行嚴格的收集和處理。有些地區為緩解供水緊張的矛盾，已進行醫院污水的深度處理和循環利用。實際采用何種方式處理醫院污水，應綜合考慮污水的來源、污水的流向及當地的供水情況等多方面因素。另外，醫院污水處理一個非常重要的方面，就是必須進行消毒處理，以殺滅各種病原微生物。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">生活污水篇</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><br /> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">1.農村生活污水治理方法</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">生活污水→化糞池→厭氧池→人工濕地（種植根系發達、喜濕、吸收能力強的美人蕉、水蔥、菖蒲等植物）經“過濾”后排放的方法進行處理，主要適用于農村分散生活污水處理，建成后運行費用基本為零，使用壽命在10年以上。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">2.城市生活污水治理方法</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">將城市生活污水輸送到城市周圍的農村，利用農村廣闊的土地來凈化城市生活污水。將是一勞永逸與一舉多得的好方法。以日供應生活用自來水100W立方的大中型城市為例：普通的污水處理設施造價1000元/立方。建設成本10億，年運營成本100W立方/天×365×0.5元/立方=1.8億.采用土壤凈化法建設成本1000元/立方，年運營成本100W立方/天×365×0.1元/立方=0.4億.同時年節約農用水資源3.6億立方，節約化肥約1萬噸/年，減少農藥用量5噸/年，綜合效益可觀。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">3.生活污水處理新技術：分散式處理</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">生活污水分散式生物集成處理系統是針對生活污水的一種新型、經濟環保的處理系統。該系統具備設備投資少、運行成本低、安裝簡便等優勢，利用生物強化技術對污染物進行高效降解，可實現對生活污水就地、就近處理，并達到水資源循環再生利用的目的。該系統作為傳統污水處理廠的污水處理的有效補充，逐步在城鎮居住社區、賓館酒店、旅游景區、新農村社區等領域得到廣泛應用。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">分散式污水處理技術具有設備占地面積小、無須鋪設管網、設備集成度高等特點，因此基礎設施費用及土建費用在整體投資中占比較小，僅30%左右，而約有70%的投資主要用于對污水處理設備的采購和安裝。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">油脂污水處理</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><br /> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">[3]油脂污水主要來自油脂生產車間的浸出、物理、化學精煉過程中的連續堿練、水化、酸化、中和、脫膠、脫臭、脫色、水洗、過濾等工序。污水中除含有高濃度油脂外，還含有磷脂、皂等有機物以及酸、堿、鹽和固態懸浮物，COD和BOD很高，同時油脂污水多為間歇排放，成分復雜，pH值不穩定，水質水量變化幅度很大，對污水處理設施沖擊較大。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">油脂污水由格柵進入隔油池，經酸化隔油處理后可回收大量的油脂，既可減輕后續處理工藝的有機負荷，同時還可回收有價值的油脂。污水經過隔油池去除表層浮油后進入中和調節池，調節池污水再用泵泵入氣浮池，去除污水中的浮化油、磷脂、皂腳、COD等。出水進入厭氧池，利用厭氧菌的酸化水解作用，將污水中的高分子有機物斷鏈分解為有機酸等小分子有機化合物，以利于后續好氧生化降解，厭氧池出水進入SBR生物接觸氧化池，水中各種有機污染物通過好氧生物的氧化分解作用被轉化為CO2，HO2等無害物質，從而達到去除污染物的目的。出水進中間池，經投加混凝劑后進入反應池，進行充分混合，然后經沉淀池，泥水自然分離后進入生物碳過濾器，一部分殘余有機物被活性炭吸附截留，同時被生物降解。此時出水完全達到回用的要求，可以重新作為循環冷卻水和雜用水，或直接達標排放。</span></div> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;"> </span><div><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:SimSun;">氣浮池、沉淀池的污泥定期排入污泥干化池，經干化后泥餅外運填埋，濾液返回調節池重新處理。</span></div></span></div><div class="nen"> <br /> 上一條： <a href="/xingyezixun/189.html" title="地埋式污水處理設備">地埋式污水處理設備</a> <br /><br /> 下一條： <a 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